L'Oréal

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The total income generated by a company from its core business operations, typically from the sale of goods or services, before any costs or expenses are deducted.

Earnings Per Share (EPS) represents a company's net income divided by the number of outstanding shares. EPS is a key metric for evaluating a company's profitability on a per-share basis, providing insight into how much profit is generated for each share owned by investors.

The cash flow generated by a company’s core operations after deducting capital expenditures necessary to maintain or expand the asset base. It represents the actual cash available for discretionary use, such as paying down debt or distributing dividends.

The amount of cash a company generates after covering its operating expenses and capital expenditures. Free cash flow represents the cash available for reinvestment, debt repayment, dividends, or other corporate activities, making it a key indicator of financial flexibility and long-term sustainability.

The total income generated by a company from its core business operations, typically from the sale of goods or services, before any costs or expenses are deducted.

Earnings Per Share (EPS) represents a company's net income divided by the number of outstanding shares. EPS is a key metric for evaluating a company's profitability on a per-share basis, providing insight into how much profit is generated for each share owned by investors.

The cash flow generated by a company’s core operations after deducting capital expenditures necessary to maintain or expand the asset base. It represents the actual cash available for discretionary use, such as paying down debt or distributing dividends.

The amount of cash a company generates after covering its operating expenses and capital expenditures. Free cash flow represents the cash available for reinvestment, debt repayment, dividends, or other corporate activities, making it a key indicator of financial flexibility and long-term sustainability.

Gross margin represents the percentage of revenue a company retains after accounting for the direct costs of producing its goods or services, also known as cost of goods sold (COGS). It’s calculated by subtracting COGS from revenue and then dividing by Revenue.

Net profit margin measures the percentage of a company’s revenue that remains as profit after all expenses are deducted. It’s calculated by dividing net income by total revenue.

ROE measures how effectively a company uses its shareholders’ equity to generate profit. It’s calculated by dividing net income by shareholders’ equity, giving an indication of how efficiently the company is generating returns on the investments made by its shareholders.

A profitability ratio that measures how efficiently a company generates returns from its total capital employed. ROCE is calculated by dividing operating profit (EBIT) by capital employed (total assets minus current liabilities). A higher ROCE indicates better capital efficiency and profitability.

The total dividends paid by a company divided by the number of outstanding shares. DPS represents the amount of earnings distributed to shareholders and is a key metric for evaluating a company’s payout policy.

The percentage of a company’s earnings paid out to shareholders as dividends. It is calculated by dividing total dividends by net income and is used to assess how much of a company’s profit is being returned to investors.

Dividend yield is a financial ratio that shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its stock price. This ratio gives investors an idea of the income they can expect to receive from dividends relative to their investment.

The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of a company’s dividends per share over the last three years. This metric shows how consistently and at what rate a company has increased its dividend payouts, offering insight into its dividend growth history and reliability.